Concrete pond

Top Construction ponds elevated type

Such a design is rightfully considered the most durable and reliable of all. Reinforced concrete structure can withstand the pond water pressure of over 100 m ^3. Depth of the ponds will be traditional – from 0,6 to 1,5 meters. Scope of work will differ in their complexity. Here and excavation, installation of waterproofing film, laying the first layer of concrete, reinforcement, laying a second layer of concrete, the coating bath (bowl), a pond with liquid glass.

Earthworks, depending on the estimated volume of the pond, can be significant, therefore, be justified by the use of small-scale mechanization. Work carried out by the same rules as set out in section "A pond with a flexible waterproofing. After sealing the bottom and walls of the excavation carried out covering the bottom with a thin layer of sand – up to 3 cm Vystilanie excavation waterproofing film made ​​from the center to the edges without excessive tension. Along the edges of the pit with the film is fixed so that at any place had the opportunity to loosen the tension if needed. Feature of laying the concrete layer is that this work should be done in one day in full. This is required because break will lead to the formation of cracks in the joints of layers laid a significant interruption in time. This feature implies the existence of not one but several concrete workers. Number of prepared solution must also be such as to ensure continuity of work on the installation. As the concrete begins to harden, it is pressed into the metal reinforcing mesh so that the edges of the opposed and could "engage" in the second layer of concrete. The sequence of concreting the next – first the wall, then the bottom. The same rule is observed, and when laying the second layer. After the first, already reinforced with a layer of hardened extent that you can walk on it, it is necessary to start laying on the reinforced concrete wall of the second layer thickness of 5 cm for this solution should be prepared, too, with the expectation that the concreting of produce per reception (One day). Before the start of concreting required moisten the site from which to start concreting. And so all the time – the second layer is placed on the wetted zone. The upper edge of the second layer serves on the edge of the first layer, finally pressing the edges of plastic film. Upon completion of work to carry out carefully leveling the walls and the upper edges of the second layer. At the same time trim the bottom of the pond once more (to cover up with a solution possible chips and roughness). These works also conduct Moisten the concrete at the bottom. Concrete work is finished.

Coating a layer of liquid glass.
The work of producing 3 days after the concrete work. Quantity of sodium silicate should allow the bowl to cover the entire pond in one go. Before starting work the concrete bottom and sides thoroughly wipe. Apply liquid glass with a wide brush evenly over the entire surface without gaps. After coating the layer of liquid glass on the concrete must be at least 2-3 mm. First, cover the walls of the pond, then the bottom so as to accidentally covered the surface was not damaged. Need for mandatory coverage liquid glass is explained by the fact that concrete is dangerous for the baby fish. Permissible absence of the film from the liquid glass in the event that the fish in the pond will not divorce. The sequence of operations for the construction of a concrete pond clearly presented in Fig. 98.

Fig. 98. Concrete Pond:

1 – rammed soil pit 2 – the pit wall – slope 45 °; 3 – PVC (or PE) film, 4 – the first layer of concrete, 5 – armature (wire mesh), 6 – a second layer of concrete with liquid glass

Fig. 99. The design of a concrete pond, small size:

1 – rammed earth, 2 – Drainage (broken bricks), 3 – concrete pad (10 cm), 4 – cement screed, 5 – overflow pipe, 6 – siphon

If the concrete pond is small, it can have a simpler structure (Fig. 99). Overflow pipe in concrete ponds can be connected to the drain pipe, forming a kind siphon.

Mini-ponds and mini-pools.
What is the mini-ponds and mini-pools are no precise definition. But mandatory distinction is that the mini-pool does not suggest the presence of a vegetation and ornamental species. Vegetation and fish – a sign of the pond. But the presence of a fountain – it belongs only to the fountain. Mini-pool (Fig. 100). He could be anywhere
If you will be in the garden, then the solution design must comply with the landscape
If the mini-pool is not tied to relief, and is in a room or yard, the design meets its surrounding architecture. Structurally, it can be raised or mini-pool or pool at ground level.

Fig. 100. Decorative mini-pool

All that is needed for its construction – it's water pipes, valves, metal or plastic bowl of mini-pool, a nozzle to form a fountain, stand under the bowl (in the case of a buoyant pool), a pebble. To the place chosen for the mini-pool equipment, supplied water pipe with a diameter of 10-15 mm. Its end is mounted in the bowl of mini-basin. The pipe is put on the nozzle, which forms a type of fountain: "Geyser", "bell," etc. At the bottom of the bowl, next to the standpipe is mounted flush. Withdrawal of the discharge pipe is desirable to make the drainage pit, which must be dug in a convenient location.

Note: If the mini-pool is located at ground level, and in the house with small children, then for security purposes Bowl pool to be filled with pebbles.

Fig. 101. Mini-Pond:

1 – a wooden box, 2 – waterproofing film, 3 – gravel (drainage), 4 – layer of sand, 5 – soil, 6 – a bath for a mini-pond, 7 – Vegetation

Mini-pond (Fig. 101). This body of water within a 0.5 or 1 m ^3. Usually in such ponds have several ornamental fish. The need for a mini-ponds is dictated by two factors: the limited space and security reasons (the presence in the house of young children).

Material for construction.
For such a pond, you can use a waterproof container with a volume at least 20 liters of water. The material should always be non-toxic and a stainless. On the balcony on the roof terrace or balcony mini-pool can perform various decorative features. Especially in combination with other plants in tubs or large pots. Shrubs or small trees in pots can be protected from the wind or sun. In the foreground or between them put a couple of mini-reservoirs. Flower Bowl will be an additional decoration. Thus, even a large balcony or terrace on the roof with proper placement of containers can be broken down into small, cozy corners. Miniature water gardens on your balcony will make an original composition in combination with other plants such as perennials, dwarf trees and summer flowers.

Plants can be planted throughout the growing period, they take root and will grow well. Thus, in the regeneration and planting of a mini-pond you do not have to adhere to strict timelines. Nevertheless, it is advisable to start planning activities and training in the winter. These events included the future location of choice for who need to watch for a few weeks. As the light falls, what is the intensity of solar radiation and temperature conditions? On which side the wind blows? So you can, if necessary, to plan the necessary adaptations for protection from sun and wind to pick up the plants adapted to local climatic conditions. Since the end of April on the balcony and terrace, already warm, that is beneficial to the development of planted trees. You have to finish the plan in late June, while the market still has a wide selection of planting material. For proper development of plants need to be provided with all the major factors contributing to growth, such as water, clean air and light.

Water.
From the surface of the mini-pond in a sunny and windy weather evaporates large amounts of water. Summer (especially in hot weather) should be regularly topped up with water
If the capacity is small, it can be done in the course of daily watering regular watering. However, for the filling of several large tubs must be near the faucet with attached hose.

Light is the most important factor in growth. Therefore, the site planned for a mini-pond should be in the sun 6-8 hours daily. Of course, there are aquatic plants and hygrophytes who do not need so much sun. However, you should choose is still a bright place. Therefore, the north, dimly lit balconies are not very suitable for decorating a mini-pond.

Temperature.
Miniature water gardens on terraces and balconies are subject to strong diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations caused by the selected location. Diurnal variations are well tolerated by plants
If the water level is high enough, even a bright sun and temperatures above 30 ° C will not cause harm to plants. Autumn, winter and spring frosts in the proper preparation for the winter and care will not harm the plants in our band. However outlandish heat-loving plants need to hibernate indoors, or they may die. Virtually all plants except those with roots or without a swim in the water, requires a substrate in which they could take root. Depending on the needs of plants you can choose a completely different substrates.

Gravel.
Gravel, which occurs, for example, at the bottom of the creek, is sold in a specialized trade as "construction gravel. It consists of sand and pebble size 0-16 and 0-32 mm. The fraction of sand and small pebble will determine whether the substrate to hold the plants. Construction gravel does not delay the water: it flows freely between the pebbles and sand grains. Rude, not containing sand gravel to be in excess of 30 mm is used exclusively to cover the landing, to stop the growth of weeds and reduce evaporation. Clay is a good breeding ground for water lilies, and also serves as a waterproofing material. IL, in the form as it occurs in natural waters consists of dissolved clay, dead plants and animals are decomposed by bacteria and micro-organisms with oxygen. As a result of the released nutrients absorbed by plants. Released nutrients substances are usually enough to power plants.

The composition of the substrate: Because the nutrients contained in clay, not only stimulate the development of plants and algae growth, vegetative substrate for a mini-pond should have a special composition. From this point of view is well established substrate comprising a relatively small amount of nutrients and organic compounds, such as construction gravel 0 / 16 mm. Due to limited space for planting water lilies in a basket of substrate should be more nutritious and contain equal proportions of clay and sand.

• drains construction of ponds